Which of the following factors could increase the risk of cervical cancer in women with HPV?

Cigarette smoking is identified as a factor that can increase the risk of cervical cancer, particularly in women with HPV (Human Papillomavirus). Research has shown that smoking can have detrimental effects on the immune system, hindering the body’s ability to clear HPV infections. Additionally, harmful substances in tobacco smoke can lead to genetic changes in cervical cells. These changes can interact with HPV to promote the development of precancerous lesions and cervical cancer.

Other factors such as multivitamin supplementation, uncontrolled hypertension, and high dietary fiber intake do not have a well-established direct relationship with an increased risk of cervical cancer in the context of HPV. For instance, multivitamin supplementation can actually be protective for some diseases, and high dietary fiber intake is generally associated with better overall health. Uncontrolled hypertension may contribute to other health issues but is not directly linked to an increased risk of cervical cancer specifically associated with HPV. Understanding the unique role that smoking plays in this context helps clarify why it is identified as a risk factor.