Which factor is associated with an increased risk of vaginal candidiasis?

Recent antibiotic use is associated with an increased risk of vaginal candidiasis primarily because antibiotics can disrupt the normal balance of flora in the vaginal environment. The vagina naturally hosts a variety of microorganisms, including beneficial bacteria such as Lactobacillus, which help to maintain a healthy pH and inhibit the overgrowth of pathogens like Candida. Antibiotics can reduce the levels of these protective bacteria, allowing yeast to proliferate unchecked, leading to an increased likelihood of developing a yeast infection.

In contrast, while having a new sexual partner may increase the risk of sexually transmitted infections, it does not directly influence the growth of Candida in the same way antibiotics do. The onset of menses does not directly create conditions favorable for candidiasis; many women may even experience a decrease in yeast infections due to changes in hormonal levels during this time. Similarly, although the use of spermicides can affect vaginal microbiota, the impact is not as significant or direct in relation to candidiasis as that seen with recent antibiotic use.