Which condition is characterized by hypertension and proteinuria after 20 weeks of gestation?

Preeclampsia is a specific condition that typically occurs after 20 weeks of gestation and is defined by the combination of hypertension and the presence of protein in the urine (proteinuria). This condition is significant because it can lead to severe complications for both the mother and the fetus if not monitored and managed appropriately.

Preeclampsia usually develops after the 20-week mark of pregnancy and is thought to be related to problems with the placenta and maternal blood vessels. The hypertension associated with preeclampsia can affect the function of various organs in the mother, such as the kidneys and liver, and can also reduce blood flow to the placenta, leading to potential risks for the developing fetus.

In contrast, gestational diabetes is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels and is not associated with hypertension and proteinuria. Eclampsia is a severe progression of preeclampsia that includes seizures, and hyperemesis gravidarum is characterized by extreme nausea and vomiting during pregnancy, having no direct relation to blood pressure or protein levels in the urine. Thus, preeclampsia is the only choice that aligns perfectly with the criteria outlined in the question regarding hypertension and proteinuria after the specified gestational age.