During which phase of the menstrual cycle does PMS occur with the greatest frequency?

Premenstrual Syndrome (PMS) is most commonly associated with the late luteal phase of the menstrual cycle. This phase occurs after ovulation and before the onset of menstruation, typically lasting about 10 to 14 days. During this time, there is a significant increase in progesterone due to the corpus luteum's activity. The hormonal fluctuations occurring in this phase can lead to various physical and emotional symptoms typical of PMS, such as mood swings, fatigue, irritability, bloating, and breast tenderness.

The late luteal phase is particularly critical because this is when the body prepares for a potential pregnancy; if there is no fertilization, hormone levels will drop, leading to menstruation. It's during this phase that many women report the exacerbation of depressive symptoms and anxiety, along with physical discomforts. The timing aligns closely with when PMS symptoms most prominently manifest, making this phase the correct choice for identifying when PMS occurs with the greatest frequency.